Averaged and used values are in bold.įigure 2d shows the variability of the pCO 2 data in the Sumatran rivers in 20. Based on this correlation, CO 2 fluxes for SE-Asia are calculated, which reveal moderate fluxes and show that SE-Asia is not a hotspot for river outgassing. CO 2 fluxes and yields for all rivers are determined and related to peat coverage, which uncovers a positive relationship. In this study, river outgassing fluxes are quantified for SE-Asia by using measurements from four rivers in Sumatra, Indonesia, and two rivers in Sarawak, Malaysia ( Fig. However, it remains unclear to what extent this influences the CO 2 emissions from these aquatic systems. It has been shown recently that the fluvial organic carbon flux increases once these tropical peatlands are disturbed 9. Indonesia and Malaysia are areas of particular interest due to their peatlands, which together store 66.5 Pg C (ref. ![]() Still, large uncertainties remain in outgassing fluxes due to scarcity of data, which we aim to resolve for Southeast (SE) Asia. These variable findings challenge our current understanding of the global carbon cycle and in particular that of the terrestrial biosphere as a sink for anthropogenic CO 2. 7 estimates a global river outgassing of 0.65 Pg C per year, however, they have excluded stream orders <2. On the other hand, a more recent study by Lauerwald et al. 6 revealed an emission of 2.1 Pg C per year, of which 1.8 Pg C per year from streams and rivers, which is significantly larger than previous estimates. However, an estimate of inland water outgassing by Raymond et al. Another 0.2–0.6 Pg C per year is buried in freshwater sediments and about 0.9 Pg C 1 reaches the coastal ocean. ![]() These studies estimate, in line with the 5th Assessment IPCC Report 5, that on a global scale ∼45–60% (0.9–1.4 Pg C per year) of carbon entering the freshwater system is decomposed and emitted back to the atmosphere as CO 2. The importance of inland waters in the global carbon cycle has gained more awareness since the last decade through studies which have revealed that inland waters (rivers, streams, lakes, reservoirs and estuaries) are not a passive conduit but play an integral role both for carbon storage and greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere 1, 2, 3, 4.
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